Prevalence of hypertensive phase and outcomes in patients with Ahmed valve implantation at one year of follow-up and evaluation of associated risk factors

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of hypertensive phase (HP) and failure in patients who underwent Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) implantation and identify the possible risk factors for both HP and failure. Methods: A cross?sectional, observational study was conducted. Medical records of patients who underwent AGV implantation and had at least 1 year of follow?up were reviewed. HP was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) greater than 21 mmHg between the first week and the third postoperative month not attributable to other causes. Success was defined as an IOP between 6 and 21 mmHg, with preservation of light perception and no additional glaucoma surgeries. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify possible risk factors. Results: A total of 193 eyes of 177 patients were included. HP was present in 58%; a higher preoperative IOP and younger age were associated with HP. Pseudophakic or aphakic eyes had a lower HP rate. Failure was present in 29%; neovascular glaucoma, worse basal best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), higher baseline IOP, and postoperative complications were linked to a higher likelihood of failure. No difference in the HP rate between the failure and success groups was found. Conclusion: A higher baseline IOP and younger age are associated with HP development; pseudophakia and aphakia might be protective factors. Factors for AGV failure are a worse BCVA, neovascular glaucoma, postoperative complications, and a higher baseline IOP. At 1 year, a higher number of medications were needed to achieve IOP control in the HP group

COVID-19 and the eye: how much do we really know? A best evidence review / COVID-19 e o olho: quanto sabemos realmente? Uma revisão das melhores evidências

ABSTRACT To identify and classify available information regarding COVID-19 and eye care according to the level of evidence, within four main topics of interest: evidence of the virus in tears and the ocular surface, infection via the conjunctival route, ocular manifestations, and best practice recommendations. A structured review was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, SciELO, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar on COVID-19 and ophthalmology. The Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence worksheet was used for quality assessments. 1018 items were identified in the search; 26 records were included in the qualitative synthesis, which encompassed 6 literature reviews, 10 case series or cross-sectional studies, 4 case reports, and 6 intervention descriptions. Seventeen out of 26 records (65%) were categorized as level 5 within the Oxford CBME methodology grading system, the rest were level 4. The evidence generated on COVID-19 and ophthalmology to date is limited, although this is understandable given the circumstances. Both the possible presence of viral particles in tears and conjunctiva, and the potential for conjunctival transmission remain controversial. Ocular manifestations are not frequent and could resemble viral infection of the ocular surface. Most recommendations are based on the strategies implemented by Asian countries during previous coronavirus outbreaks. There is a need for substantive studies evaluating these strategies in the setting of SARS-CoV-2. In the meantime, plans for applying these measures must be implemented with caution, taking into account the context of each individual country, and undergo regular evaluation.

RESUMO Identificar e classificar as informações disponíveis sobre o COVID-19 e o tratamento oftalmológico de acordo com o nível de evidência, dentro de quatro tópicos principais de interesse: evidência do vírus nas lágrimas e na superfície ocular, infecção pela via conjuntival, manifestações oculares e recomendações de melhores práticas. Foi realizada uma revisão estruturada no PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, SciELO, Biblioteca Cochrane e Google Scholar no COVID-19 e oftalmologia. A planilha de Níveis de Evidência 2011 do Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine 2011 foi usada para avaliações de qualidade. Mil e dezoito itens foram identificados na busca; Foram incluídos 26 registros na síntese qualitativa, que incluiu 6 revisões de literatura, 10 séries de casos ou estudos transversais, 4 relatos de casos e 6 descrições de intervenções. Dezessete dos 26 registros (65%) foram classificados como nível 5 no sistema de classificação da metodologia Oxford CBME, o restante foi no nível 4. As evidências geradas no COVID-19 e na oftalmologia até o momento são limitadas, embora isso seja compreensível dadas as circunstâncias. Tanto a possível presença de partículas virais em lágrimas e conjuntiva quanto o potencial de transmissão conjuntival permanecem controversos. As manifestações oculares não são frequentes e podem se assemelhar a infecção viral da superfície ocular. A maioria das recomendações baseia-se nas estratégias implementadas pelos países asiáticos durante surtos anteriores de coronavírus. Há necessidade de estudos aprofundados avaliando essas estratégias no cenário da SARS-CoV-2. Enquanto isso, os planos para a aplicação dessas medidas devem ser implementados com cautela, levando em consideração o contexto de cada país e submetidos a auditorias periódicas.

Resultados visuales de implante de lente trifocal en pacientes con glaucoma / Visual outcomes with trifocal lens implant in glaucoma patients

Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados visuales en pacientes con sospecha de glaucoma y glaucoma leve candidatos a cirugía de catarata e implante de lente intraocular trifocal. Diseño del estudio: Estudio longitudinal, prospectivo, experimental y analítico. Métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes con catarata y diagnóstico de glaucoma leve o sospechoso de glaucoma que contaran con campo visual, tomografía de nervio óptico y estudio de sensibilidad al contraste y se les realizo cirugía de catarata por facoemulsificación del cristalino con implante de lente intraocular trifocal AT LISA tri 839 MP. Resultados: Se incluyeron 9 ojos de 5 pacientes (4 mujeres y 1 hombre) entre los 66 y 87 años con un promedio de 73.2 ± 7.6 años. La agudeza visual prequirúrgica con corrección lejana fue de 0.29±0.16 LogMar (20/40), intermedia 0.67±0.49 LogMar (20/60), cercana 0.66± 0.57 LogMar (20/80); al mes postquirúrgico la agudeza visual con corrección lejana fue 0.08± 0.06 LogMar (20/25), intermedia 0.05± 0.06 LogMar (20/20), cercana 0.02±0.03 LogMar (20/20). Encontramos una mejoría estadísticamente significativa de la agudeza visual al mes de postoperatorio. En el análisis de la sensibilidad al contraste prequirúrgica y postquirúrgica, no observamos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en ninguna de las frecuencias espaciales (3cpg 1.32 ± 0.25 vs 1.34 ± 0.26, 6cpg 1.41 ± 0.30 vs 1.46 ± 0.28, 12 cpg 1.094 ± 0.42 vs 0.98 ± 0.37, 18cpg 0.69 ± 0.41 vs 0.60 ± 0.30). Conclusiones: Los resultados visuales obtenidos a diferentes distancias con el diseño trifocal indican que esta técnica emergente constituye una alternativa para la cirugía de catarata para pacientes candidatos con glaucoma leve o sospecha de glaucoma sin que el procedimiento altere su seguimiento ni modifique la sensibilidad al contraste.

Objective: To evaluate visual results in patients with glaucoma suspect and mild glaucoma, candidates for cataract surgery and trifocal intraocular lens implantation. Study design: Longitudinal, prospective, experimental and analytical study. Methods: We include patients with cataract and diagnosis of mild or glaucoma suspect who had a visual field, optic nerve tomography and contrast sensitivity study. They underwent to cataract surgery with trifocal intraocular lens implant (ATLISAtri839MP). Results: 9 eyes of 5 patients (4 women and 1 man) were included between 66 and 87 years, with an average of 73.2 ± 7.6 years. Preoperative visual acuity with distance correction was 0.29 ± 0.16 LogMar (20/40), intermediate 0.67 ± 0.49 LogMar (20/60), near to 0.66 ± 0.57 LogMar (20/80); the results per month were: the visual acuity with distance correction was 0.08 ± 0.06 LogMar (20/25), intermediate 0.05 ± 0.06 LogMar (20/20), near to 0.02 ± 0.03 LogMar (20/20). We found improvement in visual acuity at the month of postoperative, statistically significant. In the analysis of preoperative and postsurgical contrast sensitivity, we did not observe statistically signifi cant differences in any of the spatial frequencies (3cpg 1.32 ± 0.25 vs 1.34 ± 0.26, 6cpg 1.41 ± 0.30 vs 1.46 ± 0.28, 12 cpg 1.094 ± 0.42 vs 0.98 ± 0.37, 18 cpg 0.69 ± 0.41 vs. 0.60 ± 0.30). Conclusions: The visual results obtained at different distances with the trifocal design indicate that this emerging technique is an alternative for cataract surgery for candidates with mild glaucoma or glaucoma suspect; whereas the procedure does not alter follow-up or contrast sensitivity.

Experiencia clínica inicial con la válvula de Ahmed en pacientes / Initial clinical experience with the ahmed valve in patients with angle-recession glaucoma

Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de la válvula de Ahmed en pacientes con glaucoma secundario a recesión angular. Método: Estudio retrospectivo en el que se evaluaron 12 pacientes (12 ojos) con edad promedio de 40.7 años, con un seguimiento promedio de 7.3 meses [7.9 (2-30 meses)]. Resultados: En 66.6 por ciento de los casos (8 ojos) se logró un control tensional exitoso. La presión intraocular (PIO) disminuyó de 32.5 ñ10.2 mmHg (22-54 mmHg) con 3.1 ñ0.7 medicamentos antiglaucomatosos en el preoperatorio, a 19 ñ5.4 mmHg (12-30 mmHg) (p<0.05) con 0 medicamentos (p<0.05) en el último día de seguimiento. La complicación más frecuente fue el enquistamiento de la vesícula (33.3 por ciento). Conclusión: La colocación de la válvula de Ahmed en pacientes con glaucoma secundario a recesión angular constituye una opción terapéutica más que produce un control tensional similar a lo observado con otro tipo de implantes.